In 19th century, the fear of extension towards India of which country was the basis of Anglo- Afghan relations?

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Russia. During the 19th century, the problem of Indo- Afghan relations got inextricably mixed up with the Anglo-Russian rivalry. Britain was expanding colonial power in West, South, and East Asia, Russia was an expanding power in Central Asia and desired to extend its territorial control in West and East Asia. Throughout the 19th century, the British rulers of India feared that Russia would launch an attack on India through Afghanistan and the North Western frontier of India. They, therefore, wanted to keep Russia at a safe distance from the Indian frontier. It was the basis of Anglo-Afghan relations.

In 19th century, the fear of extension towards India of which country was the basis of Anglo- Afghan relations?

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